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Common Windshield Wiper Problems
What you can see of the wiper system are windshield wiper blades and the wiper arms. Other hidden parts are the wiper motor, wiper linkage, and the washer system. When you activate the wipers, 12-volt power is delivered to the wiper motor that rotates a pivot. Linkage connected to the motor passes that motion to two wiper arm pivots, converting lateral motion into rotation. The wiper arms connect to the pivots, and spring tension ensures the wiper arm applies pressure to the wiper blade, keeping it against the glass. We’ll focus on the parts for motion and clearing your windshield in this guide.
Recognizing the signs of wiper problems is the first step in addressing them. Look out for these common indicators:
- Streaks or smears on the windshield.
- Wipers skipping or hesitating.
- Unusual noises during wiper operation.
- Wipers not making proper contact with the windshield.
Properly functioning wipers are essential for driver safety, as they provide clear visibility during rain, snow, and other weather conditions. Addressing wiper issues promptly ensures you have a clear view of the road ahead.
Assessing Wiper Problems
Before you can fix your wipers, you need to assess the issues at hand. Gather the following tools and materials to help quickly assess the issue:
- Clean cloth or paper towels
- Mild detergent or washer fluid
- Screwdriver
- Pliers
- New wiper blades if replacement is necessary
Different issues typically will point you in the direction of the failure. For example, torn wiper blades won’t cause the wipers to stop moving side to side. Here are some common symptoms and what they may indicate:
- Streaks and smears often indicate worn or damaged wiper blades.
- Wipers skipping or hesitating can result from blade alignment problems or damaged blades.
- Unusual noises may signal issues with the wiper motor or linkage.
- Wipers not making proper contact may be due to bent wiper arms or an issue with the linkage.
If your assessment reveals that the wiper blades are the problem, you can try cleaning them with windshield washer fluid or a gentle detergent mixed with warm water. If that’s not successful, you can replace them yourself.
When selecting replacement wiper blades, ensure they are compatible with your vehicle’s make and model. They should be the exact same length as the blades equipped from the factory so the correct area will be cleaned, and without damaging the blades or the area around the windshield. Consult your owner’s manual or ask for assistance at your local AutoZone to find the right fit.
Repairing Wiper Motor and Linkage
For more complex issues related to the wiper motor and linkage, you may need to perform some troubleshooting and repairs.
Troubleshooting and Fixing Motor and Linkage Problems
If the issues aren’t related to the wiper blades, it could be the linkage or wiper motor. If that’s the case, here are some troubleshooting techniques:
- Check electrical connections – Ensure that the wiper motor is securely connected to the electrical system and that the fuse is intact.
- Lubricate joints – Lubricate the pivot points on the wiper linkage to prevent stiffness and seizing.
- Check for obstructions – Inspect the linkage for obstructions that may impede its movement.
- Replace the wiper motor – If your motor is faulty, it may require replacement. It’s a moderately difficult process, but a competent DIYer can tackle it in many cases.
Be cautious when working on wiper motor and linkage issues. Disconnect the car’s battery before working on electrical components to avoid an accidental short, and use safety equipment like gloves and eye protection.
Maintaining and Lubricating Windshield Wipers
Routine maintenance and proper lubrication can prolong the life of your wipers and ensure their optimal performance.
- Clean wiper blades regularly with mild detergent to remove dirt and debris.
- Keep the windshield clean to prevent dirt buildup on the blades.
- Inspect wiper arms for damage or bending, and replace if necessary.
- Use a silicone-based lubricant on the pivot points of the wiper arms and linkage to reduce friction and improve flexibility.
- Avoid over-lubrication as excess oils will attract dirt and debris.
Fixing windshield wipers doesn’t have to be a daunting task. By diagnosing the issues, replacing wiper blades, and conducting motor and linkage repairs, you can ensure your wipers perform optimally.
Shop at your local AutoZone for all your vehicle parts and accessories, from wiper blades to a replacement wiper motor, with popular brands like Duralast to choose from.
FAQ/People Also Ask
How often should I replace my wiper blades?
Wiper blades should be changed every six to twelve months, or when you notice they aren’t clearing properly any longer.
What are the signs of a malfunctioning wiper motor?
Symptoms include wipers not moving at all, operating at inconsistent speeds, getting stuck, or not parking in the proper location.
Can I repair a broken wiper linkage, or should I replace it?
It depends on the extent of the damage. Sometimes, a minor adjustment can repair the problem, but any damage that is severe or weakens its integrity should be replaced.
Do I need any special tools to fix my windshield wipers?
Tools required vary depending on the problem. You might need a puller for wiper arms, but most situations require only common tools around the garage.
Are there any safety precautions I should take when working on my wipers?
Disconnect your car battery if you’re working on electrical parts, and always take caution to prevent wiper arms from snapping down against the windshield, especially without a blade on.
